![]() (2014) study recommended that educating these practitioners can be possible properly through systematic and continuous interventional activities. Ahmad and Hossain’s (2007) study in Bangladesh assessed the knowledge and practices of these practitioners and noted it as substandard in quality context and recommended that training is central to improve the competency of these practitioners. But various studies highlighted that the poor knowledge and practices gap of RUHPs related to minor illnesses are the primary concern for the policy-makers and health experts. In these health resource deficit rural areas, the RUHPs provide outpatient consultation, health services, and home-based care for diverse illnesses/diseases such as diarrhea, fever, reproductive health, maternity care, and childcare. Therefore, as a result, the million population in the rural areas in India are unsatisfied as public services unable to fill their health demand hence they always search for alternative healthcare providers and are often dependent on them. ![]() Yet, the majority of the RUHPs are mainly engaged in the rural areas where inadequate healthcare services and poor quality of care of the Primary Healthcare Centers (PHC) and Sub-Centers (SCs) are significant concerns. They are illegal practitioners as per state laws. In India, they have constituted 1.6 million cadres and 15 times more than qualified doctors and they contribute 70 percent of the health workforce in the country. ![]() They are popularly known by several names, such as Rural Unqualified Health Practitioners (RUHPs), often called informal healthcare providers, unlicensed providers, non-formal providers, unqualified practitioners, village doctors, and quacks across various developing countries. ![]() Informal medical practitioners have provided primary healthcare services to millions of rural populations in developing countries. ![]()
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